Loaʻa ka ʻili ʻili i nā mānoanoa a me nā laulā like ʻole e hoʻokō i nā pono wahī like ʻole a me nā ʻano waiwai.
Hoʻike pinepine ʻia ka mānoanoa ma nā microns a i ʻole gauge, me nā mānoanoa kiʻiʻoniʻoni maʻamau he 12-30 microns (μm) a i ʻole 50 gauge - 120 gaude.
ʻO ka laulā maʻamau ma waena o 12 a 20 ʻīniha (30 a 50 kenimika) a hiki ke hoʻopilikino ʻia e like me nā koi kikoʻī.
Mānoanoa:
Hāʻawi nā mānoanoa like ʻole i nā pae like ʻole o ka ikaika a me ka pale.
ʻO nā ʻiliʻili mānoanoa, e like me 20-35 μm (80-140 gauge), kūpono no nā mea kaumaha a ʻoi paha, e hāʻawi ana i ke kūpaʻa i ka puncture, ʻo ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni e ʻae ai iā ia e lawelawe i nā ukana kaumaha.
ʻO nā ʻili lahilahi, e like me 10-15 microns (40-90 gauge), kūpono no nā mea māmā a i ʻole ke kau ʻia ka pono o ke kumukūʻai ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea i manaʻo ʻia.
Ka laulā:
Loaʻa nā ʻiliʻili hoʻolōʻihi i nā laulā like ʻole, maʻamau he 12 ʻīniha (30 kenimika) a i 20 ʻīniha (50 kenimika).
ʻO ke koho ʻana o ka laulā e pili ana i ka nui a me nā ana o nā mea i kāʻei ʻia.
E koho i nā laulā ākea i ka wā e hoʻopili ai i nā mea nui a nui paha no ka uhi maikaʻi ʻana a me ke kūpaʻa.
Pehea e helu ai i nā kikoʻī kiʻiʻoniʻoni hoʻolōʻihi i koi ʻia
| Ka Helu ʻana o ke Kaumaha | Ka helu ʻana o ka lōʻihi |
| Kaumaha = Lōʻihi (m) * mānoanoa (um) * laulā (cm) * 0.918 | Lōʻihi = Kaumaha (kg) / mānoanoa (um) / laulā (cm) / 0.918 |
| E hāʻawi i kahi laʻana: | |
| ʻO ka lōʻihi he 550m, ka mānoanoa he 22um, ka laulā he 50CM, ʻo ke kaumaha ma kahi o 5.5 kgs. (550 * 0.022 * 0.5 * 0.918 = 5.5) | |
| ʻO ke kaumaha he 3 kg, ʻo ka mānoanoa he 22um, ʻo ka laulā he 50CM, ʻo ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 297m. (3/0.022/0.5/0.918=297) | |
